[E] Droughts and Agricultural Land Concentration in France
Le 2 oct. 2025 de 13h00 à 14h00
Raja CHAKIR, chercheuse INRAE
à Bayonne, en salle 110 ; à Pau, en salle des thèses DEG, via Teams.
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of recurrent droughts on farm size and land concentration in France over the short run (2015–2022) and long run (1988–2020). While droughts in developing countries often drive cropland expansion, evidence from developed economies remains scarce. Using panel data from 716 small agricultural regions and econometric models, we analyze structural shifts in landholding patterns based on average and median farm size. Drought exposure is measured through absolute (Soil Wetness Index, SWI) and relative (zscore) indicators. Our findings show that severe droughts accelerate land concentration, with the strongest effects in summer and autumn. Droughts also reduce agricultural land prices, facilitating acquisitions by larger farms, while forcing smaller farmers to exit. Additionally, total agricultural land use declines, further reinforcing concentration trends. These results highlight the structural consequences of climatic shocks in developed economies, where farm concentration is the dominant adaptation response.
[E] Does Subsidizing Cross-Border Trade Boost Microenterprise Growth? A field experiment in Kenya
Le 9 oct. 2025 de 13h00 à 14h00
Mattea STEIN, Assistant Professor, University of Naples Federico II
à Pau, en salle des thèses DEG ; à Bayonne, en salle 110, via Teams
Abstract
We investigate the impact of an incentive-to-trade scheme on micro-enterprise performance among traders at the Kenya-Uganda border. Through a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we assess the effects of a scalable monetary incentive combined with an information treatment to curb misperception of trading risks. The treatment significantly increases trade volume and leads to sizable growth in revenue and profit, detected six months after the end of the intervention. We explore the underlying mechanisms driving these results, particularly the role of profit reinvestment and changes in traders’ perceptions of risk. This study contributes critical insights into the potential of targeted interventions to enhance cross-border trade and improve the economic outcomes of micro-entrepreneurs in developing regions.
[E] Dividends of Expanding Clean Fuel Access: Rural-Urban Evidence on Infant, Maternal, and Nutrition Gains
Le 6 nov. 2025 de 13h00 à 14h00
Marion Coste & Camille Massié
à Pau, en salle des thèses DEG ; à Bayonne, en salle 110, via Teams
Abstract
Dividends of Expanding Clean Fuel Access: Rural-Urban Evidence on Infant, Maternal, and Nutrition Gains. Access to clean cooking fuels is essential for improving health, equity, and environmental sustainability globally. Despite ongoing policy efforts, a large number of households, particularly in developing countries, continue to rely on polluting cooking fuels, contributing to adverse health outcomes, environmental degradation, and economic hardship. This study uses panel data covering 102 developing countries from 2000 to 2022 to empirically examine the effects of clean cooking access on human wellbeing. Employing fixed effects and instrumental variable approaches, we address endogeneity concerns and identify causal impacts. We also investigate rural-urban disparities and find that urban populations experience larger improvements in health and nutrition per percentage point increase in clean cooking access. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, we simulate multiple scenarios of increased clean cooking access and estimate substantial gains: Raising rural access from 10% to 25% could avert approximately 84,000 infant deaths and prevent 1.68 million cases of child stunting. Achieving universal access in urban areas—an increase from 35% to 100%—could avert 377,000 infant deaths and yield over 11 million disability-adjusted life years, reflecting substantial reductions in household air pollution-related disease burden. These findings underscore the need for urgent, inclusive, and context specific policy interventions to close the clean cooking gap to advance global health and development goals. While rural households remain a priority, the scale of potential benefits in urban areas highlights the importance of a dual-focus approach in clean energy planning.
[E] Fabio Cérina
Le 12 nov. 2025
Informations à venir.
[E] Les accidents du travail engendrent-ils davantage de consommations médicales chez les individus qui en sont victimes ?
Le 20 nov. 2025 de 13h00 à 14h00
Anne-Celia DISDIER (PSE-INRAE)
A Pau, en salle des thèses; à Bayonne, en salle 110 via Teams.
Abstract
Même s’ils tendent à diminuer au fil du temps suite à différentes campagnes de sensibilisation, les accidents du travail, les accidents de trajet et les maladies professionnelles (AT-MP) demeurent à un niveau élevé. En 2019, on compte 33.5 accidents du travail ayant entraîné un arrêt pour 1 000 salariés (42.8 en 2001), auxquels s’ajoutent les accidents de trajets (5.1 accidents de trajet avec arrêt pour 1 000 salariés en 2019 ; 5 en 2001) et les maladies professionnelles (2.6 maladies professionnelles avec arrêt pour 1 000 salariés en 2019 ; 1.4 en 2001). Ces ATMP sont sources de multiples coûts pour les entreprises mais aussi pour l’ensemble de la société. En 2021, les dépenses de la branche AT-MP de la sécurité sociale se sont élevés à 12,5 Md€.
Mais ces AT-MP peuvent induire aussi d’autres coûts plus indirects. Dans ce papier, nous étudions si la survenue d’un AT-MP entraine davantage des dépenses médicales non liées à l’AT-MP pour les personnes touchées par un ATMP. Pour se faire, nous utilisons la base de données HYGIE de l’IRDES. Cette base de données administrative issue de l'appariement des données de la Caisse nationale de l'assurance vieillesse (Cnav) et de la Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie (Cnam) fournit des informations au niveau individuel sur les arrêts de travail (pour maladie, accidents du travail, maladies professionnelles), la consommation de soins médicaux et la carrière professionnelle. Elle couvre la période 2005-2015.
Nous examinons les consommations médicales des individus avant et après la survenue d’un AT-MP et comparons cette consommation à celle observée chez des individus non touchés par des AT-MP. Différents estimateurs sont utilisés pour définir précisément le groupe de traitement et le groupe de contrôle (TWFE, Sun et Abraham, Gardner, …). Différentes variables de contrôle sont également incluses dans nos estimations (âge, secteur d’activité, niveau de salaire, taille de l’entreprise).
Nos résultats suggèrent que les consommations médicales des individus touchés par un AT-MP sont plus élevées suite à cet AT-MP comparativement à celles observées pour les individus non victimes d’ AT-MP, alors qu’aucune différence significative en termes de consommations médicales n’était observée entre les deux groupes avant la survenue de l’ATMP.
[E] Who Is to Blame ? Framing and Socio-economic health inequality aversion
Le 4 déc. 2025 de 13h00 à 14h00
Beka LOMIDZE, doctorant à l'université de Bordeaux
à Pau, en salle des thèses DEG, à Bayonne, en salle 110 via Teams.
Abstract
This paper investigates how responsibility framing shapes public aversion to socio-economic health inequalities. Using a nationally representative experimental survey of 4,508 respondents, we elicit preferences across eight scenarios capturing disparities in preventive care, access to providers, waiting times, avoidable hospitalizations, and mortality. Respondents are randomly assigned to a control group receiving neutral descriptions or a treatment group exposed to framing that emphasizes individual responsibility for health outcomes. Results show that responsibility framing significantly reduces inequality aversion across all domains, indicating greater acceptance of health disparities when presented as self-inflicted. The effect is heterogeneous: men are consistently less inequality-averse than women, and framing further widens this gender gap. Income is negatively associated with aversion but plays a smaller moderating role. Preexisting responsibility beliefs do not significantly interact with framing, suggesting that framing operates as a general heuristic rather than reinforcing prior attitudes. These findings highlight the power of framing to shift distributive preferences and raise concerns about its potential to weaken public support for equity-oriented health policies.
[E] Cutting Free Allocation Cuts Emissions: Evidence from Phase IV of the EU ETS
Le 11 déc. 2025 de 13h00 à 14h00
Arthur WILLEMAERS (UMR TREE)
à Pau, en salle des thèses; à Bayonne en salle 110 via Teams
Abstract :
Phase IV of the EU ETS tightened the cap and reformed free allocation. In 2021, a narrower carbon leakage list and benchmark updates produced a one-off drop in realized free allocation. Using 2015 to 2023 data on Phase III and Phase IV incumbents from the EUTL, we construct a time-invariant, installation-level dose from the 2020 to 2021 change and estimate a continuous difference in differences with installation and year fixed effects. The event study shows stable pre trends, and allocation levels are essentially flat after 2021. Cutting free allocation reduces emissions. In our preferred specification, the slope after 2021 is -0.359, implying about -3.5% lower emissions for a 10 percentage-point loss of free allocation. From the perspective of the independence property, this dose response pattern indicates that, in Phase IV manufacturing with activity-linked free allocation, changes in the allocation schedule are not neutral for verified emissions. Among exposed firms with positive pre-2020 banks, we find no detectable attenuation. Aggregating to the BvD-entity perimeter, the emissions response replicates in direction and timing. In standard Orbis accounting aggregates over 2021-2023 we do not detect short-run movements within the ETS-linked perimeter. Non-ETS plants of the same entity are unobserved, so we neither establish nor rule out carbon leakage. The evidence is consistent with stronger effective carbon pricing at the installation margin under activity-linked allocation in Phase IV and provides quantitative input on the environmental effect of phasing down free allocation and the transition to CBAM
[E] Working conditions and well-being: Can autonomy be a buffer to work intensity?
Le 15 janv. 2026 de 13h00 à 14h00
Using the panel dimension of French survey data on working conditions, we document the relationships between workers' well-being, work organization and human resources practices that may lead to greater intensity and greater job decision latitude. Within a framework closely aligned with Karasek's conceptual job demand/job control model, we find a detrimental impact of work intensity and a positive effect of work autonomy on workers' well-being.
.jpg)
